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Qué es un contrato de franquicia
Desde la perspectiva más amplia, un contrato de franquicia es una relación contractual entre un franquiciante y un franquiciado independiente mediante el cual el franquiciante le otorga una licencia para distribuir un producto o servicio especifico. o para hacer negocios de cierta forma particular usando la marca del franquiciante. Es una manera mediante la cual una firma puede distribuir sus productos y servicios.
Para franquiciar un negocio es necesario redactar numerosas clausulas legales insertadas en diversos documentos que están interrelacionados. Estos documentos incluyen el contrato de franquicia, el FDD y el Manual Operacional. Para poder preparar un contrato de franquicia usted debe tener claro cuál es su posición en los siguientes tópicos que no son los únicos, pero son fundamentales.
Puntos a considerar al estructurar el contrato de franquicia
Si está considerando estructurar un contrato básico para franquiciar un negocio, aquí les incluyo puntos a considerar.
- Inscripción de marcas. Toda franquicia opera con una marca y usted tiene que registrarla y protegerla.
- Derechos de uso de marca. Se trata de delinear la manera en que el franquiciado usará la marca.
- Término de la relación contractual. Debe tener un término de duración.
- Renovación de la franquicia. Debe disponer si la franquicia es renovable y bajo que términos.
- Territorio concedido si alguno. Si el franquiciado va a operar dentro de un territorio protegido, debe especificarlo.
- Obligaciones operacionales. Es esencial dejar claro las responsabilidades de cada cual.
- Regalías y otros costos. Tiene que especificar lo que le pagará el franquiciado por la franquicia.
- Responsabilidad de contabilidad y auditoría. Parte de asegurar la salud de la franquicia es poder auditar las cuentas del franquiciado.
- Equipos, suministros, suplidores. Se trata de establecer si hay requisitos sobre equipos y suplidores.
- Capacitación. Consideré que tipo de asesoría y capacitación usted se obliga a ofrecer al franquiciado.
- Propiedad intelectual. Su empresa desarrollará información, documentos y elementos publicitarios que son de su autoría y tiene que disponer cuales son.
- Secretos de negocio. Si su franquicia usa procesos y recetas que la distinguen de la competencia entonces tiene que proteger esta información.
- No competencia. Se dispone las maneras que puede el franquiciado competir con la franquicia durante y luego de que termine la relación.
- Publicidad. Elementos publicitarios que la franquicia podrá requerirle al franquiciado incorporar.
- Seguros. Tipo de seguro que se le requerirá al franquiciado.
- Relevos de responsabilidad. Evitar y proteger contra procesos conflictivos y judiciales.
- Cesión del contrato. Si la franquicia puede cederse a un tercero y bajo qué términos.
- Ley y foro aplicable. Dónde se verá cualquier acción judicial entre las partes y bajo qué ley.
- Mediación y/o arbitraje. Si se empleará métodos alternos para resolver disputas.
Cada uno de estos puntos tienen sus pros contras y ramificaciones con consecuencias obligatorias para las partes. Para ello un abogado de franquicias le puede orientar para decidir como redacta los términos.