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El caso de Juanita Pérez y Carlos J Burgos vs Homeland Security y otros, núm. 17-1715 del Tribunal Federal para el de Distrito de Puerto Rico, involucra una queja basada en violaciones de OSHA, Título VII y ADA. El caso fue desestimado de inmediato el 1 de mayo de 2023 antes de que los demandados respondieran a la demanda. Sobrevivió solo una causa de acción.
El tribunal desestimó el reclamo de OSHA porque la ley no crea una causa de acción privada. El reclamo del Título VII fue desestimado debido a la falta de alegaciones de que el Demandante fue discriminado por motivos de raza, color, religión, sexo u origen nacional. Los reclamos de la ADA contra los Demandados Federales fueron desestimados ya que excluye a los Estados Unidos de la definición de “patrono” y los Demandantes no presentaron un reclamo de la Ley de Rehabilitación. Finalmente, los reclamos de la ADA contra Aerostar y la Autoridad Portuaria fueron desestimados ya que el Demandante no era empleado de ellos.
Un acusado puede solicitar la desestimación de una acción bajo la Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 (b) (6) por no presentar un reclamo que permita un remedio. Para evitar la desestimación, la demanda debe alegar bien formulada con suficientes datos para que demuestre un derecho plausible a la reparación, indicando suficientes hechos para que las reclamaciones del demandante pasen de concebibles a plausibles. En esta etapa, los tribunales aceptan todas las alegaciones fácticas bien argumentadas como verdaderas y extraen todas las inferencias razonables a favor del demandante. El demandante tiene la carga de presentar alegaciones fácticas para cada elemento necesario bajo una teoría procesable, y los tribunales no consideran quejas respaldadas solo por conclusiones insostenibles o afirmaciones escuetas.
En el foro federal, esas deficiencias pueden tener consecuencias inmediatas. A diferencia de la práctica frecuente en los tribunales estatales de Puerto Rico, donde muchos asuntos complejos se atienden luego de etapas más avanzadas del litigio, los tribunales federales suelen exigir desde el inicio alegaciones claras, plausibles y jurídicamente suficientes. Si la demanda no cumple con ese estándar, el caso puede ser desestimado antes de llegar al descubrimiento de prueba.
Antes de presentar o defender una reclamación comercial en el foro federal, evalúe cuidadosamente la suficiencia de las alegaciones, los riesgos procesales y la estrategia inicial del caso. Contacte a Fleming Law Offices para orientación en litigios comerciales y corporativos en Puerto Rico.