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Robert Alex Fleming
Muchas personas erróneamente consideran que las franquicias son un medio rápido y fácil para iniciar su negocio por eso entienden que un abogado de franquicia no es necesario. Esto no es así. Comprar una franquicia requiere una inversión de dinero y tiempo considerable y no garantiza el éxito. Por lo tanto, debe proceder con cautela y educarse a sí mismo y con las personas adecuadas de manera que sepa en qué se está metiendo. Sobre esto, el abogado de franquicias le puede ayudar.
Las franquicias como negocio tienen muchas ventajas. Entre estas están ayudar a limitar el riesgo de su inversión versus crear su propio negocio. Además, le proveen un sistema para operar el negocio que está probado y se mercadea con una marca muchas veces conocida. El nombre de la marca según va creciendo la franquicia, aporta al reconocimiento y mercadeo de su franquicia individual.
Las franquicias también tienen desventajas gran parte de ellas son un mal necesario de parte del franquiciante que necesita mantener el control de las franquicias para asegurar el bienestar y crecimiento de toda la franquicia de manera consistente.
En esencia una franquicia es un acuerdo que le otorga a usted el derecho de vender bienes o servicios bajo una marca comercial y un método de operación del franquiciante. Mas allá de los impresionantes panfletos que le provean, la franquicia no es nada distinto al negocio de la esquina en cuanto a operar y vender su producto o servicio. Requiere de usted dedicar muchas horas, administrar, reclutar empleados, mercadear y cumplir con todas las leyes y reglamento. Ojo que el apoyo del franquiciante es limitado.
A diferencia de las transacciones comerciales rutinarias entre dos comerciantes que entran en una negociación con la intención de llegar a acuerdo, en el contrato de franquicia se presenta en forma de “tómalo o déjalo”. El contrato incluye un sin número de obligaciones y requisitos continuos que el franquiciado se compromete a cumplir por muchos años.
Cómo representamos a futuros franquiciados
A pesar de que va a invertir cuantioso tiempo y dinero el típico prospecto no interesa o puede asesorarse con un abogado de franquicias. En mi experiencia como abogado de franquicia, muchos de los que deciden acudir a asesorarse ya tiene su decisión hecha y llegan predispuestos emocionalmente a entrar en el negocio. Esperan con cierta urgencia y por unos cuantos dólares que el abogado corrobore que es un buen negocio y así puedan irse de la oficina lo más pronto para comenzar a hacerse millonarios. Esto considerando que el prospecto tiene sus extensas obligaciones escritas en varios documentos que pueden exceder las 100 páginas.
Un abogado de franquicias con amplio conocimiento en este tipo de estructura y leyes aplicables pueden brindarle asistencia y asesoría en
- Si es apto para ser un pequeño propietario de un negocio en esta línea de negocio.
- Si entiende en lo que se está metiendo.
- Si la inversión puede ser mala, por su culpa o del franquiciante, o porque existe un mal ajuste entre ambos.
- Cual es la línea de negocio, la ubicación, el precio, y otras opciones o mejores oportunidades.
- Con ese pago, ¿Qué está recibiendo a cambio en relación con otros negocios similares o una propio?
- Evaluando otro sistema de franquicia, abriendo un negocio independiente, quedarse quieto.
- La naturaleza del contrato de franquicia y el deber de divulgar información.
- Sobre quien realmente es el franquiciante.
- La experiencia en negocios de quienes dirigen al franquiciante.
- Costos detallados de comprar la franquicia y comparativa con otros.
- Otros costos que no puede reconocer y que son recurrentes.
- La inversión inicial requerida para comenzar.
- Sus restricciones en cuanto a que comprar y vender.
- Los costos operacionales.
- Obligaciones de reportes.
- El grado de apoyo que recibirá.
- Representaciones financieras sobre la rentabilidad del negocio.
- Territorio, competencia y viabilidad del lugar para apoyar su negocio.
- Acuerdos de no competencia
- Términos y renovación.
- Evaluar el manual operacional.
Lo importante en todo esto es que entienda que una franquicia no es simplemente otra transacción y no necesariamente una ruta fácil al éxito. Es un asunto a largo plazo que requiere de su tiempo más de lo que usted puede pensar. Debe preguntarse ¿qué hará el franquiciante por usted que no pueda hacer usted mismo sin el franquiciante, sus honorarios y regalías? Estos temas son asuntos que el abogado de franquicia le puede ayudar.